Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) also known as juvenile-onset laryngeal papillomatosis/ laryngeal papillomatosis, is a rare airway disease characterized by the development of small, wart-like growths (papillomas) anywhere in the respiratory tract anywhere from the nasal vestibule to a terminal bronchiole. The papillomas predominantly arise at areas where a change in epithelium happens – these areas …
Middle ear hearing implants belongs to the group of Implantable Acoustics or Mechanical hearing devices which are used in rehabilitative management of patients with hearing loss, offering an alternative to conventional hearing aids. The first clinically available Middle ear hearing implant was designed by Drs. Suzuki and Yanagihara in Japan for patients with irreversible middle …
The mainstay of treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is chemoradiotherapy. The separation of oropharyngeal cancers into Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative based on the etiology has shown that HPV positive cancers have a better prognosis and survival compared to HPV negative cancers. These young age HPV positive patients with prolonged survival are more …
Prior to 1990, the mainstay of treatment for oropharyngeal cancers were surgeries. These large, invasive, open approaches like mandibulotomy, tongue pull through (described below), etc were associated with severe compromise in postoperative speech, swallow and airway function of the patient due to violation of pharyngeal mucosa. In addition, surgical management did not avoid the need …
Subglottic stenosis is a clinical condition occurring due to the narrowing of the subglottic lumen of the larynx (voice box) at the region of the cricoid cartilage. Based on the pathology, age at clinical presentation and the features, subglottic stenosis is of three types; congenital, acquired and idiopathic. Subglottic stenosis is considered to be congenital …
There are around 800 lymph nodes in the human body and of these approximately 300 are in the head and neck region. Pathological conditions including tumors, infection and inflammation etc of head and neck region can cause abnormal enlargement of these cervical lymph nodes. The most common early spread of cancers arising in the head …
First bite syndrome is a clinical condition occurring as a complication of surgeries involving the infratemporal fossa, deep lobe of the parotid gland, parapharyngeal spaces and manipulation or ligature of the external carotid artery. Sometimes it can also be caused by a head and neck tumor itself arising in above locations. The condition is characterized …
Thyroid nodules are extremely common with a reported prevalence ranging between 8.2% and 64.6% in autopsies and 19% to 68% in adults on high-resolution ultrasound. Most of the time, thyroid nodules are detected accidentally when neck imaging is done for some other reasons. Mostly these nodules are benign; and even malignant nodules, particularly those smaller …
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and the prevalence of differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasing worldwide. Among the differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) are the most frequent subtypes; other rare subtypes are medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Though mortality from …
Middle ear infections are one of the most common problems for a clinical visit to an otolaryngologist. The disease is more prevalent in pediatric populations but can affect any age group. The most common presentation is Otitis Media with Effusion/OME (i.e fluid collecting in the middle ear behind an intact tympanic membrane /eardrum). This fluid …
