Once a person is diagnosed with cancer, the next step before deciding on treatment options is a determination of the stage of the cancer. Staging of salivary gland cancers is an important step in evaluating prognosis and treatment options. It helps determining how much is the cancer volume in the body, how serious the cancer …
Neck dissection (ND) is a complex surgical operation involving the removal of potential or proven metastases to cervical lymph nodes. The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes from one side of the neck into which cancer cells may have migrated. Prior to reading about the classification of neck dissections, knowledge about the …
Nose bleed or Epistaxis is a common clinical condition that occurs at some point in at least 60% of people in the United States. While the majority of nosebleeds are limited in severity and duration, about 6% of people need medical attention for control of nose bleed. Overall 0.5% of all emergency department visits and …
Inverted papilloma is a rare, benign but locally aggressive neoplasm that arises in the Schneiderian epithelium which lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is also known as Ringertz tumor, Schneiderian papilloma, Cylindroma and Benign papilloma of the nasal cavity. Inverted papilloma is the second most common benign tumor of the nose, after ossifying …
Middle ear hearing implants belongs to the group of Implantable Acoustics or Mechanical hearing devices which are used in rehabilitative management of patients with hearing loss, offering an alternative to conventional hearing aids. The first clinically available Middle ear hearing implant was designed by Drs. Suzuki and Yanagihara in Japan for patients with irreversible middle …
The mainstay of treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is chemoradiotherapy. The separation of oropharyngeal cancers into Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative based on the etiology has shown that HPV positive cancers have a better prognosis and survival compared to HPV negative cancers. These young age HPV positive patients with prolonged survival are more …
Prior to 1990, the mainstay of treatment for oropharyngeal cancers were surgeries. These large, invasive, open approaches like mandibulotomy, tongue pull through (described below), etc were associated with severe compromise in postoperative speech, swallow and airway function of the patient due to violation of pharyngeal mucosa. In addition, surgical management did not avoid the need …
Subglottic stenosis is a clinical condition occurring due to the narrowing of the subglottic lumen of the larynx (voice box) at the region of the cricoid cartilage. Based on the pathology, age at clinical presentation and the features, subglottic stenosis is of three types; congenital, acquired and idiopathic. Subglottic stenosis is considered to be congenital …
There are around 800 lymph nodes in the human body and of these approximately 300 are in the head and neck region. Pathological conditions including tumors, infection and inflammation, etc of the head and neck region can cause abnormal enlargement of these cervical lymph nodes. The most common early spread of cancers arising in the …
First bite syndrome is a clinical condition occurring as a complication of surgeries involving the infratemporal fossa, deep lobe of the parotid gland, parapharyngeal spaces and manipulation or ligature of the external carotid artery. Sometimes it can also be caused by a head and neck tumor itself arising in above locations. The condition is characterized …
