Total laryngectomy is a surgical procedure, most commonly done in cancers of larynx (voice box). In this procedure the entire voice box is taken off and a permanent hole (tracheostomy / stoma) is created in neck, through which the patient respires for his entire life. The indications, contraindications, surgical steps of laryngectomy are discussed separately […]
65 year old male presented with non healing ulcer over the pinna of right ear for 5 months. A biopsy from the lesion was done and following is the report. Carcinoma with basaloid features and pigmentation – biopsy right pinna. Immuno staining: P63 – diffuse strong positivity. P40 – diffuse moderate positivity. BerEP4 – negative.
A 13-year-old male child presented to pediatric ENT unit, with chief complaints of left side nasal obstruction progressive and spontaneous nasal bleed, continuing nasal discharge since two months. intermittent episodes of headache which used to be relieved by analgesics. Past history No episodes of nasal bleeding before two months but intermittent nasal discharge. On examination […]
Staging of cancers is essential for patient counselling, treatment planning, predict treatment outcome and survival. Most commonly followed staging system for head and neck malignancies is the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM staging system) by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Because of the relative rarity of temporal bone cancers, a universally accepted temporal bone […]
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) can be defined as chronic irritation of larynx caused by the abnormal retrograde flow of gastric contents into the upper airway, mostly due to upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Studies have found that upto 50% of laryngeal complaints that present in the otolaryngeal clinics are associated with LPR. LPR is suspected in cases […]
Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure performed with or without adenoidectomy that completely removes the tonsil, including its capsule, by dissecting the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Tonsillectomy is the second-most common ambulatory surgical procedure (first being myringotomy with insertion of tubes) performed on children in the United States. In the […]
Direct laryngoscopy is a routine procedure conducted to expose the larynx (voice box), to access and treat disorders causing voice dysfunction. Usually, the laryngoscope is placed through the mouth and the larynx is exposed under general anesthesia without difficulty. Laryngeal surgeries with help of an operating microscope (Microlaryngoscopy / MLS) is then conducted to remove […]
Nasopharynx is an air-containing cavity that occupies the uppermost extent of the aerodigestive tract, at the back of the nose which connects the nose to the mouth. Detailed anatomy and physiology of nasopharynx is out of scope of this article and is discussed separately. Malignancies arising in nasopharynx / nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have different natural behavior […]
Nasopharynx is an air-containing cavity at the back of the nose, which occupies the uppermost extent of the aerodigestive tract. It’s like a small cuboidal box about two to three centimeters front to back and about three to four centimeters top to bottom and side to side. The cavity is lined by pseudo stratified ciliated […]
Nasal irrigation, (also termed as nasal rinsing, washout, douching or lavage) is a personal hygiene practice in which a person’s nasal cavity is washed with saline water to flush out debris and mucus from the nose and nasal sinuses. Nasal douching can be performed safely by people of all ages to support daily nasal hygiene. […]
